PARTE UTILIZADA= Used part: Planta entera. 

ACCIÓN FARMACOLÓGICA= Pharmacological action: Las infusiones al 5 por ciento son amargas, aperitivas, estomacales; se emplean contra el resfrío. Los cocimientos al 30 por mil en la ictericia y en las enfermedades del útero y también para lavar heridas. 

COMPOSICIÓN QUÍMICA= Chemical composition: Flavonoides derivados del quercetol e isoramnetol; carotenoides, saponósidos. 

ZONA GEOGRÁFICA= Geografical zone: Europa, Asia, Uruguay. 

DIVERSIDAD GENÉTICA Y MEJORAMIENTO DE PLANTAS MEDICINALES= Medicinal plants and improvement of medicinal herbs

This paper deals with the chromosome numbers (somatic or sporophytic and gametic) of some wild species of the Kuwaiti flora. All species were collected from the wild except Plantago lanceolata, which was cultivated. Some values are reported for the first time. The species and their respective chromosome numbers are as follows: Anthemis deserti 2n=18, Atractylis carduus 2n=20, Calendula arvensis 2n=36, 44, Koelpinia linearis 2n=54, 36, Launaea capitata 2n=18, L. mucronata 2n=16, Picris babylonica 2n=10, Reichardia tingitana 2n=16, Senecio glaucus 2n=20, Sonchus oleraceus 2n=32, Astragalus hauarensis 2n=48, A. schimperi 2n=16, Lotus halophilus 2n=14, 28, Medicago laciniata 2n=16, Plantago amplexicaulis 2n=10, P. boissieri 2n=10, P. ciliata 2n=10, P. coronopus 2n=10, P. lanceolata 2n=12, P. ovata 2n=8. Karyotype analysis of P. babylonica, R. tingitana, P. boissieri, and P. ciliata is shown. 

ÚLTIMOS AVANCES EN LA QUÍMICA Y ACTIVIDADES BACTERIOLÓGICAS EN LAS PLANTAS MEDICINALES= Medicinal plants, last advances on chemistry and bacteria activities on the medicinal herbs

1) From the aerial parts of Calendula arvensis a new triterpene saponin arvensoside C was isolated together with four known triterpene saponins.  The aglycon moieties had the oleanane skeleton for all of them.  Three known flavonol glycosides, isorhamnetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and quercetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside were also obtained and characterized.  Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR expts. including 1D-TOCSY, DQF-COSY, HOHAHA, HSQC and HMBC spectroscopy as well as HRESIMS anal. 

2) The constituents of the essential oils of A. factorovskyi, K. linearis, C. arvensis, P. babylonica, P. cyanocarpa, L. nudicaulis and R. epapposum, all belonging to the family Compositae, are reported.  The majority of these plants are studied herein for the first time.

3) In women with the title wounds, local application of a mixt. contg. 70% oily ext. of Hypericum perforatum and 30% oily ext. of Calendula arvensis improved the rate of healing, compared with controls.

1) GONZALEZ, Matías ; LOMBARDO, Atilio ; VALLARINO, Aida. Plantas de la medicina vulgar del Uruguay. Montevideo : Talleres Gráficos, 1937, p.128.

2) Fitoterapia : vademecum de prescripción : plantas medicinales. 3ª. ed. Barcelona : Masson, 1999, p. 349.

3) MALLAH, G.A.; BROWN, G. Determination of chromosome number of Kuwaiti flora I. Cytologia. 1999, vol.64, nº2, p.181-196.
 
4) KIRMIZIBEKMEZA, Hasan, et al. Triterpene saponins from Calendula arvensis. Zeitschrift fuer Naturforschung, B: Chemical Sciences. 2006, vol.61, nº9, p.1170-1173.
 
5) AL-MAZROA, S. A., et al. Essential oils of A. factorovskyi, K. linearis, C. arvensis, P. babylonica, P. cyanocarpa, L. nudicaulis and R. epapposum. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society. 2006, vol.9, nº3, p.693-698.
 
6) LAVAGNA, S. M., et al. Efficacy of Hypericum and Calendula oils in the epithelial reconstruction of surgical wounds in childbirth with cesarean section. Farmaco. 2001, vol.56, nº5-6-7, p.451-453.